CHAPTER 2 & 3

abash make ashamed

abated grew weaker

abated grew calmer

abdicated give up; relinquish

Abraham's offering of his son Bible story about the Father of Jews

abstinence state of doing without

abyss deep

abyss deep, dark hole

acute sharp, intelligent

adamant hardened

adherents followers

adversity hard times; suffering; opposition

affable friendly

air of calm resolution quiet determination

akimbo hands on hips and elbows

alacrity liveliness; quickness

alacrity quick movement

alembics and retorts chemistry equipment

allay increase make less severe; lessen

alleviating making a heavy load easier to bear

alliance a combination of forces working together against a common

alliance marriage; close association

allude to refer to

alms offerings; charity

amble walk

amorous loving and romantic

amorous epistle love letter

ample more than enough

anguish sorrow and pain

antidote something that counteracts a poison

antipathy strong dislike

aperture opening or door

apparition ghost

apprised informed

approbation approval

aqueduct water-carrying structures like flumes

ardent strong; passionate

aristocratic royal; having to do with the nobility

articulate speak clearly

aspired after riches wanted to be rich

assent agreement

assiduous careful and persevering

astute sharp, intelligent

atrocious unthinkingly horrible

audacity boldness

auspices watch, care and guidance

authenticity truth; genuineness

avaricious extremely greedy

avenge get even with

aversion strong dislike

aviary bird sanctuary

avowal solemn promise

azure sky blue

balm healing salve

banality common everyday talk

banished exiled; sent away

baron French noble

barren unfruitful

baton of a marshal symbol of high military rank

bellows roars out loudly

benefactors gift givers

benevolence kindness

benevolent kind and caring

bequeath leave in a will

beseech beg

betrothal engagement

blanched whitened

blasphemies profane mockery

bludgeoned beat

bodice blouse part of a dress

Bonapartism belief that Napoleon was right

Bonapartist faction political group favoring Napoleon, against King Louis

bonapartists people who favored being ruled by Napoleon

bonbonniere fancy ball-shaped emerald

borne carried

boudoir bedroom

brace of pistols two guns

braggadocio braggart; boaster

breviary prayer book

brigand robber

brocades cloth curtains

brooding pouting around feeling sorry for one's self

brougham horse-drawn carriage

brucine poisonous strychnine

bull official order from the Pope

bulwarks walls on a ship

bulwarks, bowsprit shrouds, anchor parts of a ship

Calvary place where Christ was crucified

candid honest and open

capital of the Christian world Rome

capitalist businessman who makes profit

caprices whims; sudden notions

carbine rifle-like gun

cardinals high Roman Catholic Church officials

cassock priest's coat

cataclysm great disaster

catacombs underground tunnels in Rome where people were buried

cataleptic comatose; unconscious

celibacy state of not participating in sex; chaste; unmarried

Chamber of Peers nobles who helped rule France

chamois animal with soft leather

chibougue smoking pipe

chibouque smoking pipe

chimerical appearing real at first but later proving to be false

chrysalis bug-like stage

churl clumsy, rude oaf; punk

cicerone a guide

citadel fortress

civil dissensions political unrest

claimant person who claims to own

coalition a combination of forces working together against a common enemy

cochineal and indigo red and purple die

coffer money chest

coffers treasure chests

cognizant having knowledge of

Coliseum ancient Rome arena

commiserating feeling sorry with

commissary military store

commune get close to and intimate with

compatriots comrades; fellow soldiers

compel force; make do against one's will

competence capability

compromising letter letter that makes you appear guilty

compte and viscompt French count and vice-count

compunctions feelings of right and wrong that keep you doing the right

condescension coming down from a higher social level

confidante close friend

confidences secrets

conical cone-shaped

conjuring bringing up or thinking up

connoisseur great appreciator

consecutive following one after another

consent permission; agreement

conservatory building where flowers are kept

consolation something that makes up for a loss

console comfort in a loss

conspirator plotter of secret moves

conspiring plotting and planning

consternation confusion

contadine and pierette costumes worn during the Carnival

contention quarrel

contraband illegal goods, usually smuggled

convent home for nuns

converse discuss

coquette flirt

coquettish flirtatious

corporal referring to the body

corpse dead body

Corsican Ogre Napoleon the monster

covet his wife desired his wife

crimson red

cryptic A secret; in code

cunning stratagems clever plans

cupidity selfishness

cynosure center of focus

daughter of Jairus Biblical girl raised from the dead by Jesus

daunted made afraid; frightened

decanters wine pitchers

decapitato execution by being beheaded

decapitator person who cuts off heads

decisive easy to see; convincing

deduced figured out by reasoning

defray make less expensive ;lower the price

degenerate decayed in goodness; run down

deign stoop; come down from on high to help

delirium craziness from fever

demeanor behavior

demented crazy

denunciation official paper accusing someone of a crime like spying

denunciation formal act of accusing someone of a crime

deplored look upon with disapproval

deportment how you walk and behave

deposition legal testimony written on paper

derangement insanity

descried saw ;looked upon

despicable much hated

despoiled robbed

despondency loss of hope and energy

detestable abominable; hateful

detested hated

deviate stray from the normal

devoid empty of

diabolical devilish; evil

dilemma two bad choices, each of which will be bad

din noise as from a crowd talking

dint by way of

discern take in as digesting and understanding

discernible understandable; visible

discretion quiet, good judgment

disdain scorn

dispassionately without emotion

dispelled got rid of; evaporated

dissertations long speeches or written reports

divans couches

divines figures out magically

dogged followed on the trail of

dolefully sorrowfully

dossier police report describing a person

dowry gifts a woman brings to a marriage

draught a drink or a swallow

dropsy disease in which body fills with fluid

duped tricked

ebony beautiful black wood

eccentric having strange habits

ecstasy state of great joy

edifice building

effaced erased

effaced erased; rubbed out

efficacious effective

effigy image of a person or a dummy

effusive great and gushing in volume; overmuch

egotism self love; thinking you're the best

eke barely earn

elated overjoyed

elicit brings forth

elicited drag out of by questioning

elixir liquid medicine

eloquence beautiful speaking ability

eloquence skillful talking

emanated came out from

emetic something you drink to induce vomiting

emphatic strong

encumbered burdened with

endeavor try

enervating wearying; tiring

envoy messenger

epaulette a mark of rank usually worn on shoulder

eunuch neutered man who usually has the job of taking care of a harem

excise authority tax men

execrable despicable; hated; cursed

exotic strange and exciting

expatiate talk on and on

expenditures money spent

expiating doing something to make up for a sin

expiation deeds that make up for committed sin

extremities extreme actions; drastic measures

extricated freed

exuberant characterized by good health

facile jesting easy joking

fain happily

fallen angels devils

fanaticism extreme devotion to a cause; extremism

fathom understand or can equal feet

fatigue weariness

fealty loyalty

feign pretend; fake

feigned pretended

fervent heated; ardent

fetid smelling rotten

file people in a line

filial fatherly love

filial sonly

financier banker

firman government official

flagon large cup

formality dignified ceremony

formidable hard to overcome

fortnight's leave -week's vacation

frailty weakness

franc French money

friable capable of being ground into powder

fugitive person on the run

furrowed grooved and wrinkled

furtive secret

gaoler jailer

gaudy vulgar showy; tacky

gazelle fast, graceful antelope

gendarmes soldiers

genies, sylphs, gnomes imaginary, magical creatures

gentle demeanor kind outward appearance

gesticulation waving of hands

gesticulations waving of arms and hands

giddy dizzy

gilded covered with gold

give his conge give his dismissal or request to leave

gleaned pick up left over grain in fields after they have been

gondola passenger boat in streets of Venice

good augury a good sign

gravely with seriousness

grooms men who care for horses

grotesque horribly deformed

grotto cave

grovel behave like a pitiful beggar; weak, cowardly submission before a stronger

guzla musical instrument

hake rake take fish

half Moorish and half Spanish mixed race of Christians from Spain and Moslems from North Africa

haughty arrogant; proud

hearse carriage that hauls a dead person to a funeral

Hegira flight of Mohammed from Mecca

heir person in line to inherit something

helm steering wheel on a ship

helmsman the man who steers a ship

her toilet putting on make-up

homage worshipful respect

hubbub noise and commotion

hue color

immense very large

immensity hugeness

immersion dunking in water

impassive unmoved; emotionless

impassivity state of inaction

impediment obstacle

imperceptible unable to be felt

imperious bossy; tyrannical

impiety lack of respect for the holy

implacable can't be calmed down; everlastingly angry

implacable vengeance vengeance that can't be calmed down

implored begged

importunate constantly begging

impoverished made poor

imprecations curses

impregnated filled with

impregnated with tears filled with tears

imprudence foolishness

imputations accusations of blame

inadvertently accidentally

incalculable too large to measure

incessant unceasing; never stopping

incognito in disguise

incognito in disguise so that you can't be recognized

incoherent senseless; confusing

incomprehensible impossible to understand

incredulity state of disbelief

incredulous not believing

incur suffer; have happen to sue offer

indifference a state in which you don't care

indiscreet unwise

indispensable can't be spared

inert inactive

inertia the quality of being hard to overcome

inevitable can't be avoided

inexplicable unexplainable

infallible impossible to fail

infallibly perfectly; never failing

infamy evil reputation

infatuation love affair

infidelity disloyalty

ingenious artifice clever, tricky thingamajig

ingenuity cleverness

ingots metal

inquiry investigation into

inquisitive asking questions

insinuate hint at

insipid unpleasantly flavorless

insolent to insubordination rude to the point of being rebellious

instigator person who starts something

instill put deeply into

intercede go between two opposing forces to make peace

interstices spaces between layers

intrepid fearless

intrinsic worth value of an object due to what it's made of

intuitive instinctively; without thought

inundated flooded

invalid sick person

irksome aggravating

ironic surprising and unexpected

irony something surprising or unexpected in the flow of events

irrevocably can't be called back

itinerary route of travel

jaundice liver disease which makes skin yellow

jaunty fashionable; gay

jocular joking

jollity fun; play

joviality playful good humor

jurisprudence science of law

King Louis XVIII Bourbon King of France who took over France after Napoleon was defeated and exiled

kiosk l summerhouse

labyrinth maze; confusing pathways

Lachryma Christi wine named after the tears of Christ

lackey a male servant

lamenting crying over

landau horse carriage

languid tired; slow moving

lateen triangular sail

latter the second one mentioned

league distance over miles

leaven yeast for bread

legacy what's left to you in a will

liberation setting free

limpet fish-like creature that attaches itself to rocks

listless tired; without energy

listlessly with low energy; tiredly

lithe athletically flexible

livid pale gray from anger

loath hate

lorgnette kind of eyeglasses

louis or louis d'or French gold money

lucidity being sane and clear-headed

lucidity clear-headedness

Madonna Piedogrotta The Virgin Mary at Piedgrotta

magistrate officer of the law

man of war naval warship

manifested made itself known

marquis high French noble

marquise high French noble

martyrs persons who die for a great cause

Masonic referring to the secretive club of

maxim proverb or clever saying

mazzolato execution; killing

menacing phantom dangerous ghost

menacing dangerous

mentor leader; teacher; coach

mephitic air sickening atmosphere

mercantile marine merchant ships that sail to make money

mercenary desiring money

mesmerized hypnotized; charmed

meticulous paying careful attention to

misanthropy hatred and mistrust of mankind

missive letter

mistress lady whom one serves

mitigation lessening in force; easing

moccoletti candle ceremony in the Carnival at Rome

morbid gloomy; having to do with death

mortal capable of dying

motive object or purpose for doing something

motley crowd diverse group of people from different walks of life

mountebank phony; cheat

muster gathering together of armies in a roll call

mute person unable to speak

mute silent

mutual applying to both at the same time

myriads crowds

nabob rich oriental

narcotic something that makes you sleep

nautical skill sailing skill

niggardly stingy; selfish

nobility dukes, kings, nobles, earls, lords, comptes, viscomptes, counts, barons, princes, kings, dauphins, marquises, and other blue bloods

notary an official who makes documents

notary official who puts seals on documents

nought nothing

novelty new thing

Nubian dark-skinned

oblivion senselessness; unconsciousness

obsequious to superiors falsely humble and ingratiating toward big shots to gain

obstinacy stubbornness

obstinate stubborn

obstinately stubbornly

occult secret; astrological , magical horoscope stuff

odious stinking; repulsive

opalescent like a translucent opal

orator speaker

orifice opening

pallet poor bed on the floor

pallid pale

pallid pale; sickly

pallor unnatural paleness

palpitations heart tremors

panacea cure-all

pang of remorse sharp pain of sorrow

papal referring to the Pope

parasitic lichen crusty plant that lives off other plants

paroxysm fit

parry ward off a blow

patent of nobility certificate from a king assigning nobility to another person

patriarch old ruling father

patrimony inheritance from a father

pecuniary referring to money

pedantic like a teacher

peers nobility

peers nobles

pending waiting to happen

penitents people who are repenting over their sins

pensive wrinkle sadly serious and thoughtful wrinkle

perchance maybe

perfidies wicked tricks and evil deeds

permeated spread entirely throughout

perpetrators people who've committed a crime

perseverance refusal to give up or quit a task

perspicacious keen; of quick understanding

perspicacity ability to see into things

peruse read

petty small and unimportant

phaeton horse-drawn carriage

phial little bottle

philanthropic being kind and generous and giving riches to charities

philosophical thoughtful acceptance of things as they are

phlegmatically slowly; tiredly; languidly

piasters small coins

pile stone building

pillaging rifling through and robbing

pincers a tool for grasping

pious nasty religious

plaintive sorrowful

plausible believable

plausible reasonably believable

plebian common peasant

plebian common person

plumes feathers

poniard knife

portcullis iron gate steak

poverty state of being poor

prattle idle chatter

preamble beginning part of a speech

precarious dangerous

premeditated planned beforehand

presages predicts; indicates beforehand

prestige esteem; honorable fame

pretext pretended reason

prismatic rainbow-like

privation poverty

privations hard; suffering times

probity integrity ;honesty

procure get

prodigious very large; amazing

prodigious ascendancy great superiority

profanation unholy act

profane to commit a shameful act upon something sacred

prophesy predict the future

propitious favorable

prosaic boring

protege protected trainee

protruding cranium forehead sticking out

Provencal variation of French spoken by many people around the Mediterranean

proverbial referring to an old saying with lots of truth

Providence God; with care from heaven

prudent cautious; discreet

pseudonym false name; alias

punctuality being on time

puritan self-righteous, sinless person

purser man on a ship who tends to the accounts and money

purveyor spreader; handler

putrid meat rotten food

qualms feelings that something is wrong

quay place where ships dock

quay dock

quid jaw full of tobacco

raising a siege defeating the surrounding army

rapacity great greed

rapidity speed

rebuke scold

reciprocity giving equal treatment to one another

recoiled draw back from take part put together

recompense repayment or payment for

reconquer conquer again

reflect think about

regiment large group of soldiers

Reign of Terror- the horrible time in France when the Republican forces were beheading the nobility and just about anyone else in their way

remorse sorrowful regret

render incontestable make irrefutable or make indisputable

rendezvous meeting place

repast meal long time ago

report sound of a gunshot

repress hold down

reprieve stopping an execution and changing it to a lower, milder sentence

reprieved given a break

reproach criticize

reproach find fault

Republicans people who are against being ruled by a king

repugnance great disgust

repugnant having the quality of making you hate or scorn

requiem mass for the dead

resounding loud and convincing

respite rest period; break

resplendent glorious

restless weary; without energy

restoration the return of the king and nobility and the old

revelers people celebrating at a party

reverie daydream

reverted gone back to

ridicule mockery

rife growing and spreading everywhere

rigidity stiffness

rogue thief

royalists people who want to be ruled by

sacrilege the act of committing a profane crime

salutation greeting; hello

sanguine hopeful

scaffold platform on which people are hung

scimitar curved Moslem sword

scruples principles that keep you from doing wrong

scrupulous honest and upright

scrutinize look at closely

seclusion lonely separation

sentiments feelings; emotions

sentry guard watching over a city or camp

sepulcher grave

sepulchral grave-like

sequel part that follows

sequins Italian gold coin

sever cut off

sham corpse phony body

shirk escape a chore or responsibility

shroud burial cloth

shrouded wrapped in burial clothes

siesta midday nap

sinister evil

sly malice sneaky meanness

solace comfort

solicit ask; call for

somnolence sleepiness

son of a Girondin son of a rebellious Republican involved in the destruction of France's nobility

sonorous musical

sovereign king or ruler

sovereignty kingship or reign or ruling over

spouse husband or wife

stalwart strong; hard to move

staunch strong; hard to move

steward person who handles business affairs; caretaker

stifled smothered

stoic a person who accepts trouble or pain as if it didn't bother

stratum layer

stupefaction state of being dazed

stupor semiconscious

subaltern lesser church or army official

subdued light soft, dim light

sublime language heavenly language

subordinate a person under another person in rank

subordinates underlings

subtle in paradoxes sneaky-wise in understanding hard to understand problems and puzzles

successor of St. Peter the Pope

succumb give in to; yield

succumbed gave in to; collapse

suffice be enough or be satisfactory

suffused spread all over and soaked through

sullied dirtied ;stained

sumptuous lavish; rich

sup dine; eat

superfluity something that is unnecessary or unneeded

superfluous unnecessary

supplanted by a rival replaced by a competing love

supplicated begged for

supposition assumption

surpasses goes beyond

syncopes group of symptoms

syntax grammar; sentence construction

tacking maneuvering a ship to sail upwind

tainted fish spoiled fish

tantamount to impertinence next thing to being a smart alec

tantamount very nearly equal to

temperate not given to excess; measured

tempestuous stormy

tenacity toughness; refusal to gibe up

testator one who makes a will

testator person who makes out a will

tetanus lockjaw

thwart stop

tiara queen's or king's crown

tidings news

tilbury horse carriage

tiller steering wheel on a ship

titanic giant

torpid slow-moving

tortuous crooked and twisted

tranquility peace

traverse travel across

treason double-crossing your government

trebled tripled

tribunal -judge court

trifle unimportant matter

trifle small unimportant matter

Tuileries palace of king at Versailles

tumult uproar; noisy movement of a crowd

turbulent agitated and violent

under bare poles a ship sailing with no sails only the masts and spars or a man

unmerited undeserved well deserved

unprepossessing countenance meek, insignificant face

unremittingly without ceasing

usurper one who takes over another's authority

vague unclear; hard to describe

valet personal servant

vanquished conquered

Vatican City home of Pope Gregory XVI

vendetta long, blood feud

veneration respect C

venial common or petty

verdant green mountain top

veritable true

veritable relic truly old object

verity truth

vexation worry and bewilderment

vigil a watch

vigilant watchful

vigor high energy

virtue goodness

virtues good character traits

visionary one who can see into the future

vivacity liveliness

vouch for guarantee to be true

walk on the waves miracle where Peter walked to Jesus on the sea

waning moon shrinking moon

warily cautiously

whims sudden notions; caprices

whiting and hake fish

wide expanse of water broad stretch of sea

wiry thin and strong

withe tough flexible reed

Words for Chapters LIV -LVIII

wrapt enthralled; in a state of joyful admiration

wrath loveliness ugliness intense anger

wretch pitiful sufferer

yacht ship

yataghan knife

zeal enthusiasm

zealous enthusiastic

zenith highest place in the sky the sun reaches